Online Booking for Cinema Tickets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Online Booking for Cinema Tickets - Essay Example He will then be able to choose the number of tickets he wants to purchase and the type of ticket he needs. After he makes his choices, he will be asked to submit his email address for confirmation purposes, and to receive his payment details. Before he enters his payment details, he can cancel the booking process or make changes to his selection. Either he is asked for his credit card details or switch card issue number for payment mode. (www.gulfcinema.com/home.php) The biggest cinema chain in the United Kingdom, Odeon (www.odeon.co.uk), is a prime example of those which allow on-line booking for tickets. Although the review on its website design is critical (www.computing.co.uk, 2006), there is still plenty of content here that are useful to customers. Everything is explained simply and clearly, and the site is secure. Online booking allows the customer personalized booking, wherein he can make changes with his choices without having to deal with an irate and exhausted operator. Usually, he would also receive regular email updates from the cinema where he buys his tickets. Online booking also allows the customer to avoid long queues. Internet is so easy to use that a click of the mouse will take the customer to his desired website. Besides, internet has many extras to offer compared to the telephone line system.

Global market of malt barley Essay Example for Free

Global market of malt barley Essay Annual international trade of barley averages around 15 million metric ton and fluctuates from 12 to 16 million metric tons. This is about 9 -12% of total global production. Major exporters are EU, Australia, Ukraine, Canada and UK. US is neither a major exporter nor a major importer. Its export and imports are more or less same. US export mainly the feed barley and imports malt barley. The annual trade of feed barley comprises more than 75% of total barley trade while that of malt barley accounts for less than 25%. China and US being leaders in beer production account for over 60% of malt barley trade. China alone imports 50% while US about 11%. Leading Barley Import and Export Countries (Averages for 1998-2000) Country Imports (Mt x 1,000) Country Exports (Mt x 1,000) Saudi Arabia 4447 France 6758 Japan 2531 Germany 4040 China 2160 Australia 3973 Belgium-Luxembourg 1459 Canada 2196 Russian Federation 1005 United Kingdom 1898 Germany 941 Belgium-Luxembourg 1223 Brazil 880 United States 985 Netherlands 823 Denmark 960 Morocco 794 Ukraine 841. Italy 790 Turkey 659 United States 778 Sweden 606 Table 4: Global trade of barley in 1998-2000 (faostat) Sourcing Barley for Beer Production Malting companies in US processes about 3 million ton of malt barley annually of which about 1. 0 million ton is imported barley and the remaining (about 2 million ton) is produced in US itself. Therefore, a beer company in US should keep both the options – of sourcing from within the country from states like North Dakota, Montana and Idaho etc. and of importing open for sourcing barley. When it comes to import Canada should be the obvious choice due to geographic proximity. The next obvious choice has to be EU. As far as sourcing from domestic market is concerned the company can have a direct contract with major barley growers to save cost and ensure a reliable supply. In case of import from Canada the concerned agency is Canadian Wheat Board. Concerning Outsourcing of the product, a beer company should focus on Malting, Brewing, and Fermentation etc. instead of imports and domestic purchasing of commodities. Therefore, it is always better to outsource the product to a few good commodity trading companies. The commodity should be outsourced not to one company rather to more than one company to have a bargaining power over pricing and also to ensure a uninterrupted supply of barley in case of any unforeseen crisis to keep the brewery running. There can be another outsourcing approach for a new start up Beer Company. With malting being an established process. There are dozens of malting companies in US and hundreds on the globe and malt being a standard product being traded in the market globally. Therefore, for a start up Beer Company it will be a good idea to focus on brewing and fermentation, rather than going for setting up the malting facility. If the company specializes on producing better and special quality beer it can command better price for its beer and that business model should be more profitable than starting fro malting. Some important malt barley and malt suppliers in US are – 1. North Dakota Barley Council 2. Americas Malt, PO Box 5724 Minneapolis, MN 55440-5724 Tel: 1-952-742-5646 Fax: 1-952-742-5050 Internet: www. Cargill. com. Products: Barley Malt 3. Busch Agricultural Resources, Incorporated P. O. Box 427 West Fargo, ND 58078 Tel: 1-701-282-5752 Fax: 1-701-282-6260 Products: Malting Barley 4. Cargill, Inc. P. O. Box 9300 Minneapolis, MN 55440-9300 Tel: 1-952-736-8664 Fax: 1-952-742-6252 Internet: www. Cargill. com Products: Feed Barley, Malting Barley 5. Cenex Harvest States P. O. Box 64089 St. Paul, MN 55164-0089 Tel: 1-651-306-6156 Fax: 1-651-306-6570 Internet: www. harveststates. com Products: Feed Barley, Malting Barley 6. Columbia Grain 111 S. W. Columbia St, Suite 1200 Portland, OR 97201 Tel: 1-503-224-8624 Fax: 1-503-241-0296 Products: Feed Barley, Malting Barley 7. ConAgra Grain Companies 400 4th Street, Suite 850 PO Box 15083 Minneapolis, MN 55415 Tel: 1-612-341-2326 Fax: 1-612-341-2137 Products: Feed Barley, Malting Barley 8. ConAgra Malt P. O. Box 1529 Vancouver, WA 98668-1529 Tel: 1-360-699-9389 Fax: 1-360-696-8354 Products: Barley Malt 9. Coors Brewing Company 17755 West 32 Av. Brewing Materials BC 610 Golden, Colorado 80401 USA Tel:1-208-678-3586 Fax : 1-208-678-9669 Products: Malting Barley, Barley Malt 10. General Mills Operations, Inc.

Vietnam War :: essays research papers

France occupied all of Vietnam by 1884. Independence was declared after World War II, but the French continued to rule until 1954 when communist forces under Ho Chi Minh, who took control over the north, defeated them. Eisenhower’s advisers believed that Ho Chi Minh’s powerful communist-nationalist appeal might set off a geographical chain reaction. As Ho Chi Minh’s government established itself in North Vietnam, Eisenhower supported a noncommunist government in South Vietnam and ordered covert operations and economic programs to prevent Ho Chi Minh from being elected the leader of a unified Vietnam. The Vietnam War was a military struggle fought in Vietnam from 1959 to 1975. It was started by the Communist guerrillas (the so-called Vietcong) in the South, whom were backed by Communist North Vietnam, in an attempt to overthrow the South Vietnam government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ngo Dinh Diem was overthrown and killed in a coup d'etat in 1963 by his own generals causing political confusion in South Vietnam. By 1965 the Vietcong was strong enough to form main force units to fight pitched battles with the South Vietnamese army in the countryside, although not in the urban areas which stayed under Saigon government control. The security in South Vietnam continued to deteriorate putting the Communists in reach of a victory. By 1965, the US president Lyndon Johnson approved regular bombing of North Vietnam to prevent the total collapse of the Saigon regime by the dispatch of troops and marking their overt entry into the war. United States forces landed at Da Nang and began fighting in Vietnam. On March 2 1965 the first of four phases of the air wars in Vietnam happened, along with the first sustained bombing of the United States bomibg campain against North Vietnam accord. This air was war was called Rolling Thunder. Rolling Thunder had three objectives; reduce the infiltration; boost South Vietnamese morale and to inform Hanoi of the ever increasing expense of a continued insurgence in the South. In Hanoi, Rolling Thunder was seen as another obstacle to overcome in the struggle to unite the North and the South under the Vietnamese rule of Ho Chi Minh followers. They would find a way to withstand the American air assault, making it too expensive for Washington to maintain. On March 2 1965, the United States Air Force participated in Rolling Thunder for the first time, and inflicted heavy damage by large numbers of aircrafts, available at Thai bases, that accompanied b-57s to an ammunition depot Xom Bong.

Advantages and Disadvantages of the Articles of Confederation Essay

From their landing in the New World in the early 1600s, the British subjects, or colonists, were under the rule of the British King. Some colonies had more power with their own legislatures, but the British King and/or Parliament always had the final rule. Some of the British Kings tended to be more lenient than others, but when the Restoration occurred in 1660, Charles II was restored to power in England and he planned on ruling with a complete monarchy. This would cause further conflict between the colonies and England and eventually in the 1700s, a Revolution. Through this revolution, since the colonies weren’t going to be ruled by England, a new, central government had to be drawn up. This new government, however, couldn’t be too powerful due to the Americans’ fear of tyranny. The Articles of Confederation was the perfect government system for the 11 years that it held America together for. It was too weak, however, to last any longer than that. During the time of Revolution, the Articles of Confederation was the right form of central government for America, but its weaknesses in state control led to its rejection and the creation of the U.S. Constitution because they didn’t allow the federal government to control taxation and they were too weak. The Articles of Confederation was satisfying in its’ role as the central government in America during the Revolution because it held the states together and it signed the Peace Treaty of Paris, which ended the Revolutionary War. The Articles of Confederation was too weak, however, due to the fact that there was no hard currency and unruly state taxation which caused a group of farmers led by Daniel Shay to rebel against it. This rebellion, deemed Shay’s Rebellion, led to the passage of the U.S. Constitution. The Articles of Confederation was the government that allowed the states to finally centralize their government. This Confederation was very beneficial because it provided for a loose union where each state still has its sovereignty and freedoms. The Articles of Confederation had the power to declare war, make treaties with foreign countries, solve debates between states, borrow and print money, and requisition funds from the states. Because the Confederation was allowed to make treaties with foreign countries, the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1783, virtually ending the  American Revolution and giving the Americans the Western land they had been waiting for and also the land to the Mississippi. The Confederation was allowed to make this treaty, and by doing so ended the Revolutionary War. This gave America its’ freedom and independence from a monarchy at last. The Articles of Confederation was important here because it was able to do what had not been done before, which was break away from English rule and have the ability to expand westward. The Articles of Confederation also allowed for the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 to be created. This allowed for new Northwestern territories such as Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, and Ohio to apply for statehood under the Articles. The Northwest Ordinance abolished slavery in the North, which hadn’t been attempted before, and it also emphasized the importance of education in the Northwestern area in the attempt of making an educated generation. Also due to the Articles of Confederation, the country was held together under one body for the 11 years during the Revolutionary War. The Patriots envisioned a centralized government when they declared their independence in 1776. The Articles of Confederation, drawn up by John Dickinson, gave them just that. The Americans at this time, however, had a great fear of tyranny. They didn’t want the new government to be too strong and take away state powers, which is why the Confederation was created as a weak government. It w as too weak, however. Even though the Articles of Confederation was successful in keeping America together and expanding its size, there were too many weaknesses that were exposed to some people. The Articles of Confederation lacked the power to control taxation. According to America’s History, â€Å"by 1780, the central government was nearly bankrupt† (201). This caused the army and General Washington to be bankrupt as well. To raise revenue, Washington called for a national tax system. With Robert Morris as his superintendent of finance, these Patriots attempted to persuade Congress to allow taxation and to levy a 5% import tax. This idea of taxation was shut down, and instead, Congress raised revenue by selling western land. At this point, people were trying to expand the power in which the Articles of Confederation holds, in the form of taxation and lack of hard currency, which caused more conflict with the lower class people. Daniel Shay and his band of angry farmers rebelled  against these unruly taxes and won control of the Massachusetts legislature (there were no chief executive or judicial branches) in order to cut taxes. This rebellion, deemed Shay’s Rebellion, was more of a symbol than a rebellion. It was a symbol of the weakness of the Articles of Confederation. This rebellion showed the Americans that this form of government was too weak and that they needed a new government that could satisfy both the states and the nation. Due to Shay’s Rebellion showing that the Articles of Confederation were too weak, the Constitution was passed. After the Articles of Confederation were rejected, the United States Constitution was created. After Shay’s Rebellion, Congress called for a Convention to revise the Articles of Confederation. Two plans were drawn up at this Convention: The Virginia and New Jersey Plans. These plans were drawn up by the different groups called the Federalists and the Antifederalists. The Federalists supported a federal union where the nation had power over the states and the Constitution, whereas the Antifederalists wanted states to have control over their own laws and have equality in representation – one vote per state – and did not support the Constitution. The Antifederalists didn’t support the Constitution because they believed that it would decrease state powers, lack a declaration of individual rights, and that the government would be run by wealthy men instead of having representatives of the yeomanry. The Federalists responded with a series of 85 essays appropriately titled The Federalist. These essays promised that the authority would be divided among three branches of government, each limited with checks and balances on the others. They also promised the addition of a Bill of Rights in the near future. These essays allowed for the ratification of the Constitution. This new form of government was notably stronger than the Articles of Confederation because it enjoyed the popular support of the people. Even though the Articles of Confederation were appropriate during the time of Revolution in the U.S. To keep the states together, it had too many weaknesses which led to its rejection and the creation of the U.S. Constitution.

‘Conflict is more often driven by self-interest than genuine sense of right and wrong.’ The Quiet American Essay

‘Conflict is more often driven by self-interest than genuine sense of right and wrong.’ â€Å"Show me a man who has no interest in his own good, and I’ll show you a man who is not in touch with his own humanity.† R. Alan Woods. Conflict can be driven by any emotion whether it be greed, love, hate or lust, after all conflict occurs merely when an individual feels something strong enough that they will not quell before opposition in violation of this emotion, because of this assessing the most frequent motive behind conflict could be investigated by asking the question; What emotion is the strongest and most frequent in humans? Doubtless, the answer to this question is relative to its target, a cynic might declare hate, a romantic love, a patriot pride; however all of these emotions can be elicited from both self-interest and a sense of infringement of a person’s moral code. Throughout the span of a humans life the one motive that remains central to a person’s approach on life is the desire to fulfil ones owns emotions and take care of one’s own interests, in Graham Greene’s the Quiet American both Thomas Fowler and Alden Pyle act based on personal interest despite the usual contrast of both their emotions and their actions. Fowler desires Phuong out of a sense of loneliness and longing for companionship, whereas Pyle desires Phuong out of the desire for a wife and a desire fulfil the responsibilities placed on him by his culture, allowing his life in his point of view to be considerably improved, albeit with the significant addition of the goal of making Phoung’s life better, which is also a manifestation of his own emotional need to rescue and help others, the fulfilling of which increases his emotional wellbeing. The desire to serve our own interest is the force that characterises most of our decisions, whether it is in the form of greater emotional comfort and wellbeing by standing up against an infraction in our moral code or the simple taking from the helpless for direct personal gain. It is for this reason, that conflict is more often driven by self-interest than a genuine sense of right and wrong. Catherine Susan â€Å"Kitty† Genovese was a New York City woman who was stabbed to death and repeatedly raped near her home. Investigations recorded 38 witnesses, none of whom attempted to assist Kitty personally and only one whom called the police, afterwards stating â€Å"I didn’t want to get involved† The incident of â€Å"Kitty† Genovese’s death exemplifies the extraordinary lengths that humans can go in an attempt to prevent self-loss even at the cost of another’s far more severe personal loss. By not acting these neighbors failed to stand up for their moral code and in doing so failed to act on behalf of what they presumably believed to be right at the cost of another s life, this also establishes the ability of self-interest to not only drive conflict in the way that self-interest allowed the event to occur on the side of the attacker, who was likely motivated by lust or anger, but to also discourage opposing action in bystanders out of a fear of personal loss. The actions the witnesses of â€Å"Kitty’sâ€Å" fate took mirror the attitude of a large degree of the human populations attitudes. Historically, few stand up for their beliefs and moral code at great personal risk, the strength of self-preservation Is too strong for most , for every â€Å"hero† that acts, hundreds of bystanders fail to act. The existence of â€Å"heroes† Itself is evidence that humans often fail to act in times of conflict, after all if there was more people who acted in times such as â€Å"Kitty’s† murder compared to those who failed to act then the heroic deeds of people such as Sophie Scholl who sacrificed her life for the sake of a moral principle would become commonplace, merely regarded as a slight extreme version of the normal reaction. Instead these people are revered for their courage, having books written and movies wrote about them, while these people likely deserve such images and their actions are evidence of either an increased emotional sensitivity or little direct self-interest it reflects very poorly on the rest of the populations courage and willingness to stand up for what they believe in. Behind every action is an corresponding emotion , meaning the intent of every action is to fulfil our emotion, not to respond to some moral code or the unfairness of life or the cruelty of another, acting on our emotions is in fact an almost entirely self-orientated activity .†People love others not for who they are but for how they make them feel† said Irwin Federman. When a man acts to shelter a child it is not the fact that the child is in harm’s way that drives him into sheltering the child, but the emotion that the man feels upon sight of an exposed child, in this way in order to commit actions without a self-driven motive a person needs themselves to either have no emotion or no emotional fulfilment, however exceptions to this could possibly be shown by the actions of individuals such as Hugh Thompson Jr, who risked his life for the sake of others’ lives through his actions in the Vietnam war, namely intercepting his own force in an attempt to circumvent the massacre of hundreds of innocents. It is possible however for an individual to enter conflict with an self-orientated aim and transition throughout the conflict into upholding moral principles and beliefs that may directly oppose the individuals initial viewpoint. Demonstrated best by Oskar Schindler these peoples sense of right and wrong eventually conquers the greed and self-interest they feel until they abandon the hope of gaining for themselves and embrace the hope of upholding what their moral code stipulates, Oskar Schindler entered the second world war initially motivated by profit but in a display of commendable tenacity and moral integrity saved over a thousand Jewish workers in defiance of the Nazi regime. The selfish nature of emotions also suggests that if emotions are the driving force of action and the individual fulfils the actions his emotions desire out of a need for emotional wellbeing then the majority of actions are driven by self-interest on one level or another, and that since conflict is the result of two opposing actions and that the motive of self-interest contains all other emotions and so in a way conflict can be driven by both self-interest and a genuine sense of right and wrong, that a majority conflict must be driven by self-interest. In conclusion, conflict is driven in the most part by self-interest but this is also true of almost every other action. The spectrum of emotions that self-interest encompasses is vast enough to include almost every emotion that an human can experience since actions are driven by emotions and conflict by both actions and emotions the cause of conflict can, in the majority of cases be traced back from the action to the emotion behind it to the drive that causes humans to fulfil the actions their emotions demand. This drive can be identified as self-interest, in this way almost all conflicts can be traced back to self-interest as both a catalyst and a driving mechanism

How Frosts, Freezes, and Hard Freezes Differ

How Frosts, Freezes, and Hard Freezes Differ Just as  the sprouting of tender green leaves is considered one of  the  first signs of spring,  the first frost of the cool season signals that fall has officially settled in  and that  winter isnt far behind. How Frost Forms Look for frost to form when these atmospheric conditions are present: clear nighttime sky conditions,at or below freezing air temperatures at the surface, andcalm winds (speeds less than 5 mph (1.6 km/h)). Clear skies and calm winds allow for daytime heating to escape the Earths surface. This heat out into the upper atmosphere and outer space. Whats known as a temperature inversion layer forms (temperatures increase rather than decrease as one travels upward in the air), and allows cold air to settle near the ground. As the ground temperatures cool to below freezing, what water vapor resides in the air ices up onto exposed surfaces thus forming frost. The terms frost  and freeze  are usually  mentioned together, however,  they describe two very  different happenings. Freezes Imply Lows Near 32 F A freeze means that widespread temperatures are expected to fall to or below the freezing mark (32  °F). A hard freeze implies that widespread temperatures are forecast to fall below freezing (most NWS offices use 28  °F as the threshold criteria) for long enough to seriously damage or kill seasonal vegetation. For this reason, hard freezes have earned the monicker killing frosts. A hard freeze usually occurs when a cold air mass moves into an area and brings temperatures of  32 °F or below. This  freezing cold air is often blown by winds, or  advected,  into an area, and may, therefore, be associated with light or variable wind speeds.   Frosts Imply Lows Near 32 F and Moist Ground Air Frost, on the other hand, has to do with  the formation of ice crystals on the ground and  on other surfaces. It occurs  in the absence of wind, and the  freezing  temperatures are the result of radiational cooling.  Whereas freezes have to do with air temperature alone, any weather alert having to do with frost not only implies that temperatures are expected to be 33 to 36  °F, but also that the amount of moisture residing in the air at these temperatures is adequate for frost formation near the surface.  Ã‚   Can a Freeze Occur Without Frost Forming? Yes, freezes can happen even if a frost doesnt. This seems odd since it takes colder temperatures (at least 32 degrees) to get a freeze. It seems like youd get a frost (which requires temperatures of 33 to 36 degrees) first. It would make sense that moisture would frost before freezing except that frost is less likely to form when the dew point temperature falls below the mid-20s. This is because, at such cold temperatures, there just isnt enough moisture in the air for significant frost formation despite the fact that cold enough temperatures are in place to support it. Frost Freeze Weather Safety The majority of individuals dont notice frost, except when it forms on their  car windows  and  delays their morning departure by several  minutes time. However, agriculturists and farmers consider  it is a critical weather event. This is because  most plants (except a few varieties that  actually need a hard freeze to coax seeds into germination)  are extremely sensitive to it. A frost too early,  or too late,  in the growing season can result in crop failure and a shortage of food supply. There are a number of ways to protect against frost damage, including: Cover  plants. When plants are covered, frost can settle on a barrier rather than on the vegetation directly. For this reason, plants not in direct contact with the covering material have the highest level of protection. Woven fabrics, such as sheets, work best and can offer 2 ° to 5 °F of added warmth. Potted plants should be covered or brought indoors.Irrigate  the soil and plant leaves  before the frost arrives.  This might sound strange considering water will freeze when the  temperature drops, but rest assured there is a method to this madness.  Moist soil is capable of holding up to four times more heat than dry soil. Likewise, if fruit trees have begun their yield, spraying the outside skin with water can actually help keep internal temperatures above freezing by allow the outside to freeze and create an insulating barrier.Keep plants watered to fight off drying from cold winds.Bring pets indoors whenever extreme cold is expected.Cover exposed pipes and outdoor faucets to discourage freezing. When to Expect Your First Frost/Freeze To find the average date of the first fall (and last spring) frost for your area, use this  frost and freeze data product, courtesy of the  National Climatic Data Center.  (To use, choose your state, then locate the city nearest you.)

Charles and Bill Essays

Charles and Bill Essays Charles and Bill Essay Charles and Bill Essay This was not the only source of power in my opinion. Being that Charles had earned a degree in chemical engineering, some of the companies/ventures that Koch industries would gain, his knowledge and expertise would be valuable. This expert power believe gave him an edge in understanding some of the different aspects of the companys endeavors and how to profit. i. E, crude oil. Referent power, the potential influence one has due to the strength of the relationship between the leaders and subordinates. Being that both Charles and Bill were Kochs, they were both stakeholders in the company, I would say that this referent power gave them both the ability to influence relationships with subordinates. If an individual possess the ability to control desired resources and benefits. I think many people would be a little easier swayed to side with them. This type of power, reward power, gives the individual in charge, in this case, Charles, the ability to promote subordinates, select people for special assignments and distribute desired resources. What rower tactics did each Of them use in their battle for control? Some would say that Bill was always jealous of Charles. Beginning since early childhood. Bill blamed Charles for running their fathers business like a dictator (Calculus, 2014). Ever since joining Koch Industries, Bill had felt like the third wheel and lesser to David and Charles. He was unhappy and obsessed with his role in the company as well as over how his mother planned to distribute her estate. In my opinion he felt inferior to his brother. Legitimizing Tactics. Making requests based on position or authority. Charles was named successor by his father the founder of the family business. Charles used Rational Persuasion. Using logical arguments or factual evidence to influence others. Charles had already done so much with/for the company. It had grown at a staggering rate with Charles leading the way. Consultation. The leaders use of others to participate in the planning. Both Bill and Charles hack gotten with other stockholders Personal Appeals. Asking a favor out of friendship and/or professional relationship. Bill had convinced his brother Frederick to back him (Frederick still owned 14. Percent of the company). Charles teamed up with his fathers friend, Texas oilman J. Howard Marshall II who swapped his 16 percent share in Great Northern for Koch Industries stock. Coalition Tactics. Seeking the aid or support of others to influence the targeted person or group. Charles accused his brother of trying to steal his job or Parsers. He enlisted the help of others to see if Bill would consider selling his shares in Koch industries. Bill conspired with a small group of shareholders who agreed that the companys board should expand from seven to nine members and take a ore active role in overseeing management. Bill used inspirational Appeals. Request or proposal designed to arouse enthusiasm or emotions. He wrote his brother an 1 1-page letter. Charles was angry. His brother made accusations of him keeping the board in the dark about key corporate matters: The directors and shareholders must look on helplessly as the corporations good name is dragged through the mud. Pressure Tactics. Using threats or persistent reminders to influence others. Charles threatened to fire Bill from the company if he continued to cause trouble. Ultimately ha I think led to Charles Kochs victory in this battle was the fact that he really disc want it more. He had worked so hard for everything he accomplished. Believe that Bills feelings of inferiority and his sneakiness bit him in the butt so to speak. What do I think are the most important lessons on organizational power that you learned from reading about this power struggle? Trust no one. People that want something so bad are almost always willing to do what it takes, even if that means not necessarily doing the right thing. Even those closest to you could betray you.

Biography of Thomas Gage, British Army General

Biography of Thomas Gage, British Army General Thomas Gage (March 10, 1718 or 1719–April 2, 1787) was a British Army general who commanded troops during the beginning of the American Revolution. Prior to this, he served as the colonial governor of Massachusetts Bay. In 1775, he was replaced as the British military commander-in-chief by General William Howe. Fast Facts: Thomas Gage Known For: Gage commanded British Army forces during the early stages of the American Revolution.Born: March 10, 1718 or 1719 in Firle, EnglandParents: Thomas Gage and Benedicta Maria Teresa HallDied: April 2, 1787 in London, EnglandEducation: Westminster SchoolSpouse: Margaret Kemble Gage (m. 1758)Children: Henry Gage, William Gage, Charlotte Gage, Louisa Gage, Marion Gage, Harriet Gage, John Gage, Emily Gage Early Life The second son of the 1st Viscount Gage and Benedicta Maria Teresa Hall, Thomas Gage was born in Firle, England, in 1718 or 1719. At the Westminster School, he became friends with John Burgoyne, Richard Howe, and the future Lord George Germain. Gage developed a fierce attachment to the Anglican Church and a deep distaste for Roman Catholicism. After leaving school, he joined the British Army as an ensign and commenced recruiting duties in Yorkshire. Flanders and Scotland In 1741, Gage purchased a commission as a lieutenant in the 1st Northampton Regiment.  The following year, in May 1742, he transferred to Battereaus Foot Regiment with the rank of captain-lieutenant. In 1743, Gage was promoted to captain and joined the Earl of Albemarles staff as an aide-de-camp in Flanders for service during the War of the Austrian Succession. With Albemarle, Gage saw action during the Duke of Cumberlands defeat at the Battle of Fontenoy. Shortly thereafter, he, along with the bulk of Cumberlands army, returned to Britain to deal with the Jacobite Rising of 1745. Gage served in Scotland during the Culloden campaign. Peacetime After campaigning with Albemarle in the Low Countries from 1747 to 1748, Gage was able to purchase a commission as a major. After moving to Colonel John Lees 55th Regiment of Foot, Gage began a long friendship with future American general Charles Lee. A member of Whites Club in London, he proved popular with his peers and cultivated important political connections. With the 55th, Gage proved himself an able leader and was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1751. Two years later, he mounted a campaign for Parliament but was defeated in the election of April 1754. After remaining in Britain another year, Gage and his regiment, re-designated the 44th, was sent to North America in to take part in General Edward Braddocks campaign against Fort Duquesne during the French and Indian War. Service in America Braddocks army moved slowly as it sought to cut a road through the wilderness. On July 9, 1755, the British column neared its target from the southeast with Gage leading vanguard. Spotting a mixed force of French and Native Americans, his men initiated the Battle of the Monongahela. The engagement quickly went against the British and in several hours of fighting, Braddock was killed and his army routed. In the course of the battle, the commander of the 44th, Colonel Peter Halkett, was killed and Gage was slightly wounded. Following the battle, Captain Robert Orme accused Gage of poor field tactics. While the accusations were dismissed, it prevented Gage from receiving permanent command of the 44th. In the course of the campaign, he became acquainted with George Washington and the two men stayed in contact for several years after the battle. After a role in a failed expedition along the Mohawk River intended to resupply Fort Oswego, Gage was sent to Halifax, Nova Scotia, to take part in an abortive attempt against the French fortress of Louisbourg. There, he received permission to raise a regiment of light infantry for service in North America. New York Frontier Promoted to colonel in December 1757, Gage spent the winter in New Jersey recruiting for his new unit. On July 7, 1758, Gage led his new command against Fort Ticonderoga as part of Major General James Abercrombies failed attempt to capture the fortress. Slightly wounded in the attack, Gage, with some assistance from his brother Lord Gage, was able to secure promotion to brigadier general. In New York City, Gage met with Jeffery Amherst, the new British commander-in-chief in America. While in the city, he married Margaret Kemble on December 8, 1758. The following month, Gage was appointed to command Albany and its surrounding posts. Montreal Amherst gave Gage command of British forces on Lake Ontario with orders to capture Fort La Galette and Montreal. Concerned that expected reinforcements from Fort Duquesne had not arrived, Gage suggested reinforcing Niagara and Oswego instead while Amherst and Major General James Wolfe moved into Canada. This lack of aggression was noted by Amherst and when the attack on Montreal was launched, Gage was placed in command of the rear guard. Following the citys capture in 1760, Gage was installed as military governor. Though he disliked Catholics and Native Americans, he proved an able administrator. Commander-in-Chief In 1761, Gage was promoted to major general and two years later returned to New York as acting commander-in-chief. The appointment was made official on November 16, 1764. As the new commander-in-chief in America, Gage inherited a Native American uprising known as Pontiacs Rebellion. Though he sent out expeditions to deal with the Native Americans, he also pursued diplomatic solutions to the conflict as well. After two years of sporadic fighting, a peace treaty was signed in July 1766. At the same time, however, tensions were rising in the colonies due to a variety of taxes imposed by London. Revolution Approaches In response to the outcry raised against the 1765 Stamp Act, Gage began recalling troops from the frontier and concentrating them in coastal cities, particularly New York. To accommodate his men, Parliament passed the Quartering Act (1765), which allowed troops to be housed in private residences. With the passage of the 1767 Townshend Acts, the focus of resistance shifted north to Boston, and Gage responded by sending troops to that city. On March 5, 1770, the situation came to a head with the Boston Massacre. After being taunted, British troops fired into a crowd, killing five civilians.  Gages understanding of the underlying issues evolved during this time.  Initially thinking the unrest to be the work of a small number of elites, he later came to believe that the problem was the result of democracy in colonial governments. In 1772, Gage requested a leave of absence and returned to England the following year. He missed the Boston Tea Party (December 16, 1773) and the outcry in response to the Intolerable Acts. Having proven himself an able administrator, Gage was appointed to replace Thomas Hutchinson as governor of Massachusetts on April 2, 1774. Gage was initially well received, as Bostonians were happy to be rid of Hutchinson. His popularity quickly began to decline, though, as he moved to implement the Intolerable Acts. With tensions increasing, Gage began a series of raids in September to seize colonial munitions. While an early raid on Somerville, Massachusetts, was successful, it touched off the Powder Alarm, which saw thousands of colonial militiamen mobilize and move toward Boston.  Though later dispersed, the event had an impact on Gage. Concerned about not escalating the situation, Gage did not attempt to quash groups such as the Sons of Liberty and was criticized by his own men for being too lenient as a result. In April 1775, Gage ordered 700 men to march to Concord to capture colonial powder and guns. On the way, active fighting began at Lexington and was continued at Concord. Though British troops were able to clear each town, they sustained heavy casualties during their march back to Boston. Following the fighting at Lexington and Concord, Gage found himself besieged in Boston by a growing colonial army. Concerned that his wife, a colonial by birth, was aiding the enemy, Gage sent her away to England. Reinforced in May by 4,500 men under Major General William Howe, Gage began planning a breakout. This was thwarted in June when colonial forces fortified Breeds Hill north of the city. In the resulting Battle of Bunker Hill, Gages men were able to capture the heights but sustained over 1,000 casualties in the process. That October, Gage was recalled to England and Howe was given temporary command of the British forces in America. Death In England, Gage reported to Lord George Germain, now the Secretary of State of the American Colonies, that a large army would be necessary to defeat the Americans and that foreign troops would need to be hired. In April 1776, a command was permanently given to Howe and Gage was placed on the inactive list. He remained in semi-retirement until April 1781, when Amherst called upon him to raise troops to resist a possible French invasion. Promoted to general on November 20, 1782, Gage saw little active service and died at the Isle of Portland on April 2, 1787. Legacy Gage was survived by his wife and five children. His son Henry went on to become a British Army officer and member of Parliament, while his son William became a commander in the British Navy. The Canadian village of Gagetown was named after him.

The Experience of Making Mistakes and Earning from Ones Efforts Essay

The Experience of Making Mistakes and Earning from Ones Efforts - Essay Example It was in 1995 when I first set foot at the University of Colorado. Having transferred from the Community College of Denver, it was my intention to pursue a degree in Finance at a dynamic learning institution that is at the same time focused on research and outreach. More than 10 years later, I’m coming back to finish what I had started. I come from a family who has its roots in Lagos, Nigeria. I spent most of my childhood there until I moved to Dorset, England at the age of 15, to attend boarding school. Two years later, I relocated to the United States and continued my education at the Community College of Denver as I had mentioned earlier. Financial challenges were the main reason for my dropping out in the spring of 1996. We all know about the costs of university education, and during those times, money was tight. To remedy this, I went on to find work in the mortgage industry. It was during this time that I didn’t have much of a choice in deciding to finish my degr ee or to continue working. I was sending money home to my family to help out with their bills. In a way, I lived vicariously through my brothers, paying for their education, helping them get the learning I had wanted for myself. Now, one of my brothers had graduated from college. The younger one, I had put through high school and is now in his 2nd year in college. Putting my education on hold did not become a hindrance to my learning. I had achieved a modest amount of success in the field I had chosen. I learned the ropes of the mortgage industry the hard way. The experience of making mistakes, earning from one’s efforts, and everything that comes with learning hands-on, is truly irreplaceable.

Examine the Parties Involved in the Agreement and the Different Types Essay

Examine the Parties Involved in the Agreement and the Different Types of Leases - Essay Example In this regard, this right to occupy and use the property of another person is regarded as lease. With regard to these deliberations, in order for the two parties to have come to a conclusion that the landlord will allow the tenant to occupy the property and for the tenant to accept to occupy the property, the term lease agreement comes in. A lease agreement is the document that forms the basis of the landlord-tenant relationship by protecting all parties but gives final control to the landlord. A lease agreement is the document that outlines the foundation of the landlord-tenant relationship by protecting all parties but gives final control to the landlord. Upon entering into a lease agreement, both the landlord and the tenant must abide by the terms of the form of the tenancy. The lease agreement should clearly stipulate on the rights and duties expected to be fulfilled by the both parties (Sigismond, and Goldman, 495). In this regard, the rights and duties of the parties will be a rticulated upon under each form of tenancy in the succeeding paragraphs. Additionally, there are different termination circumstances and provisions of how each of the tenancies can be terminated. These will also be focused under each form of tenancy. ... uration of the tenancy, although some preparations were made on how payments would be made at certain intervals or after a given specific duration of time. The real estate law stipulates that periodic tenancy involves an arrangement between the occupant and the owner, and that the landlord permits the tenant to occupy a property on a periodical basis (Jennings, 181). Tenancy may be designed on a weekly, monthly or on an annual basis (Battle, 68). Alternatively, though not common and not formal, the landlord and the tenant may agree on another set of period. A tenancy can take place for either residential or commercial properties. Nevertheless, this kind of tenancy arises and most commonly takes place after a formal written lease has expired. Each of the two parties involved in periodic tenancy has rights and duties, which must be adhered to. The landlord is entitled to a right to obtain payment on time. It is also the right of the landlord to expect that his/her property will not be subjected to any form of damage or used for illegal purposes. The land lord is also entitled to receiving compensation or payment for damages that the tenant may have caused during their stay in the property (Miller and Jentz, 647). On the other hand, the tenant has the right to â€Å"quiet enjoyment† during his/her stay in the rented premises. Tenant has also the right to receive a written notice as stipulated by law. It is also the right of the tenant to receive the full amount given as deposit. In addition, the landlord is expected to provide timely repairs to the premises after being informed by the tenant (Jennings, 181). Termination of periodic tenancy normally occurs, when one part offers the other with proper termination notice. It is also argued that the notice needs to be equal to

Law should banned adverting which has high calorie foods for children Research Paper

Law should banned adverting which has high calorie foods for children that affect them negative on their health and behavior - Research Paper Example This reduction in physical activity together with consumption of a high calorie diet has resulted in obesity among children. Obesity has, therefore, become a major public health issue. In his book chapter, Killgore (2010) has examined the human brain to study its functioning behind human desires of hunger. The study found out that human perception played a vital role in stimulating moods that trigger hunger and craving for high calorie food. Various sections of the brain are involved with different sensations, for example, perception of high calorie food consumption was found to be related with medial orbitofrontal and posterior insular cortex (Killgore, 2010). Advertising is one social and cultural discourse which has the ability to manipulate human perceptions. In fact, advertising often uses deceptive messaging in order to appeal to its target audiences which mainly include consumers (Shimp and Andrews, 2013). Advertising of high calorie, unhealthy foods is an example where consum er perceptions of such eatables are manipulated by masking the potentially harmful side of the product to generate sales. Since childhood obesity is a growing problem among children, laws should ban advertising of high calorie foods. The psychology of perception lends itself to deceptive advertising and marketing (Kimmel, 2013). Arguments regarding marketing have often proposed that it involves psychological manipulation of the human perception that alters the image of a product. This is also true for the advertising of unhealthy, high calorie foods that are often shown in a way that spurs a desire for hunger and initiates a craving for the food. Such attempts are aimed at deceiving the target consumers into overlooking the unhealthy side of products, such as deep fried food items, crisps, chocolates, sweets, nuts and other junk foods. Instead, consumers are lured by showing graphically stimulating images of ingredients and food

Main Hydraulic Pump Motor and Starter Systems Assignment - 3

Main Hydraulic Pump Motor and Starter Systems - Assignment Example The researcher states that the hydraulic powers systems that are currently used in the submarine systems and devices are not only used in powering the devices but also used in operating other systems within the vessels. The submarines also require the use of electric power especially for propulsion as well as operating auxiliary equipment within the vessel. Other than moving stationary light equipment, electricity is often used in instantaneous stopping some equipment such as electric motors. Motors often have the tendency to drift and/or over-travel thereby becoming difficult to control without electricity. Additionally, electrically driven equipment is often noisy and require intense maintenance; therefore, to overcome these shortcomings, the submarine devices are currently designed and manufactured to use hydraulic powering systems including hydraulic motor pumps. Hydraulic motors are the power units of the marine devices; however, they do not generate their own power, but they of ten convert hydraulic power into mechanical energy that is transmitted to other parts of the vessel. Therefore, pumps are the central power supply for the devices using hydraulic systems. The pumps are used to create pressure within the system. Submarine devices usually have different pumps playing different roles. The Waterbury A-end pump is among the pumps using the submarine devices. A rotating shaft operates the Waterbury A-end pump. The rotating shaft may be operated by hand or motor. There are usually three hands driven and three motor-driven Waterbury A-end pumps play different functions to a submarine. They drive the steering system, bow plan system, and stern plan system. Under normal operations, two parts of the entire three systems are used distinctively in the system as steam and motor transmitting oil units while the hand driven part is usually fitted to a larger hand wheel. The Waterbury A-end speed gear operates on a rotation principle where its multiple pistons are o n reciprocating rotations. The gear consists of three basic elements including the socket ring, cylinder barrels, and tilt box. The socket ring is located in ball sockets and it holds seven or nine pistons that connect different rods. On the other hand, the cylinder barrel corresponds to the seven or nine cylinders whereas the tilted box is an inclined socket ring that corresponds to the cylinder barrel.

Is global warming caused by humans Research Paper

Is global warming caused by humans - Research Paper Example Today, it is not only the increase of temperature of the atmosphere but also ocean warming, ice caps and ice sheets melting, rise of sea level, and changes of biochemical cycles that take place because of climate change. That is why understanding of the causes of global warming is so important. There are two points of view on the character of global warming causes. Some of researchers claim it is natural causes that lead to climate change. However, the recent studies show that it is human-induced causes that are the main drivers of global warming. In the following research based on recent researches and statistical data, information on three main anthropogenic causes will be summarized, discussed and set against the natural factors with the aim to prove that it is humans who cause global warming of the atmosphere. The following research is important for it presents concise evidence of human involvement in global warming. These days, many scientists, researchers, environmentalists and, in fact, everybody who does care, express their concerns on the issue of the changes of climate on the Earth. More specifically, they argue that today the temperature of the planet tends to increase causing the global warming, which, in its turn, can lead to irreversible negative consequences for all the living beings which settle the planet. While the fact that global warming does take place has been proved in a great number of studies, its causes are still studied. Scientists, who work on the issue of climate change, agree that there are two causes of global warming, such as natural causes and human-induced ones. The latest researches show that the idea that natural causes are among the major ones that lead to climate change is irrelevant and that it is humans who are to blame for the irreversible warming of the Earths surface. Climate change is usually referred to as the change of weather patterns and trends over time. Overall, the atmosphere consists of

Pfizer-puffery or deception Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pfizer-puffery or deception - Essay Example Jarvik convince the audience in no time. As long as the information provided is valid, truthful and scientifically justified, there is nothing to worry about if advertisers make use of famous people to enhance the sale of their products. In fact, it is a good practice because consumers would tend to believe a product that is of high quality just because of their trust in the celebrities that introduce the products to the public in ads. Answer-2: It is advisable for Pfizer to adopt more rational and approved means of support for the claims it makes in advertising Lipitor. The best approach is to seek scientific evidence that would prove Lipitor’s role as a cholesterol reducing drug. Answer-3: Rational estimate about a company’s advertising policy can only be made by giving its product a try. Often, products come in sealed packs, and the customers can not even see if the product is the size that appears on the cover. Likewise, validity of claims made for a drug like Lipit or can only be judged through taking its full course at least once.

Is global warming caused by humans Research Paper

Is global warming caused by humans - Research Paper Example Today, it is not only the increase of temperature of the atmosphere but also ocean warming, ice caps and ice sheets melting, rise of sea level, and changes of biochemical cycles that take place because of climate change. That is why understanding of the causes of global warming is so important. There are two points of view on the character of global warming causes. Some of researchers claim it is natural causes that lead to climate change. However, the recent studies show that it is human-induced causes that are the main drivers of global warming. In the following research based on recent researches and statistical data, information on three main anthropogenic causes will be summarized, discussed and set against the natural factors with the aim to prove that it is humans who cause global warming of the atmosphere. The following research is important for it presents concise evidence of human involvement in global warming. These days, many scientists, researchers, environmentalists and, in fact, everybody who does care, express their concerns on the issue of the changes of climate on the Earth. More specifically, they argue that today the temperature of the planet tends to increase causing the global warming, which, in its turn, can lead to irreversible negative consequences for all the living beings which settle the planet. While the fact that global warming does take place has been proved in a great number of studies, its causes are still studied. Scientists, who work on the issue of climate change, agree that there are two causes of global warming, such as natural causes and human-induced ones. The latest researches show that the idea that natural causes are among the major ones that lead to climate change is irrelevant and that it is humans who are to blame for the irreversible warming of the Earths surface. Climate change is usually referred to as the change of weather patterns and trends over time. Overall, the atmosphere consists of

Individual Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Individual Report - Assignment Example These findings have shown that the process of building and managing small group in a learning environment is very important. Small groups are a critical way of observing and developing various skills necessary in learners’ life thus giving group work a new status. It’s only within group work that self confidence, team work and interpersonal skills can be nurtured and assessed. The development of communal activities is reported by students to create environments where by they can observe their own learning, adjust the learning to suit different situation thus get more engaged in their subjects. These attributes are part of a deep approach to learning and ensures higher retention levels buy the learners (Hogan 45). Cognitive research has revealed that even with what is considered to be good instruction, many learners, including academically gifted students have an inferior level of understanding than perceived by most. With commitment, students taking an examination are normally capable of identifying what they have learnt or what they have read; cautious probing, however, often reveals that their understanding is imperfect or distorted, if not altogether mistaken. People have to build their own understanding regardless of how evidently teachers or books tell them things. Mostly, a learner does this by relating new information and ideas to what he or she already believes. Concepts—the basic units of human thought—that do not have numerous links with how a student reasons about the world are not likely to be memorized or useful. Or, if they do remain in theory rather than practical, they will be tucked away in some corner of the brain and may not be available to influence thoughts about any other facet of the world. Concepts are best retained when they are met in a variety of contexts and articulated in a variety of ways, since that ensures that there are more occasions for them to become embedded in a

Bullying and Marsh Et Al Essay Example for Free

Bullying and Marsh Et Al Essay Everyday thousand of teens wake up terrified of attending school. About one in seven schools, a child is either a bully or a victim of bullying. Bullying is simply defined as a type of aggressive behavior that involves intent to cause harm and a power imbalance (Olweus, 1999). Bullying can range anywhere from psychological, physical (involving kicking and punching), verbal or cyber abuse. Bullying among children can be considered as a form of abuse’ (0-). It has been put forward that bullying is a division of aggressive behavior and has been further characterized as repetitive and ‘an inability on behalf of the victim to defend him or herself’ (Farrington, 1993, cited it Sapouna, 2008). We learn from Sapouna (2008) that bullying can take the form of ‘verbal (name calling), physical (hitting, kicking) or relational (deliberate exclusion from a group, spreading of malicious rumors). After extensive research in Scandinavia, Olweus(1993, cited in Kumpulainen et al.,1998) proposed that bullying can be carried out by one or more adolescents and usually occurs on repeated occasions, and to some extent, it occurs in all schools. Recently bullying amongst young people has gain notoriety in the press due to the extreme results it has had on certain young individuals. An example of this is Sian Yates, a 13 year old girl who committed suicide after repeated bullying (Daily Mail, 2007). Despite the press attention given to these cases, the extreme consequence of suicide does not occur in the majority of cases. Victims can suffer from a range of harmful effects such as humiliation, anxiety, depression, difficulty with interpersonal relationships, and emotional instability. This lead to the finding of Kumpulainen et al., (1998) that ‘bullying is a common phenomenon among children who are psychologically disturbed.’ The writer went on to say that there are ‘higher rates of psychological distress among both bullies and victims’ than those not involve. However, the literature is consistent in noting that the ‘bullied victims are the most troubled of the bully, victim, bully –vict im triad’ (Juvonen et al., 2003; Ma, 2001; Pellegrini, 2002; Pellegrini et al., 1999;Salmivalli Nieminen, 2002, cited in Cunningham, 2007). Should these lead agencies to focus more on protecting the victim? Some schools have decided that the way forward is to have zero tolerance policies. This may include all students who bully. However, if certain researcher’s numbers are correct it could mean excluding from school, forty percent of the school aged population. Given the widespread nature of the problem can zero tolerance really mean, â€Å"Zero tolerance†? We learn from the NHS ‘website teens for health’ (2008) that ‘anyone can be singled out by bullies.’ The NSPCC found that 31 per cent of children had been bullied at some point (Teens for health, 2008). This being the case, can anyone be bullied? Black and Jackson (2007) have put forward that there lies and ‘an imbalance of power’ between the parties involved in bullying. ‘The bully is stronger through social status, physical prowess, age, cognitive abilities or skill.’ Is this imbalance of power the sa me across the genders? There is an extensive body of literature that suggests that boys are more likely than girls to be bullies as well as victims (Nansel et al.2001; Boulton Smith, 1994; Boulton Underwood, 1992, cited in Marsh, Parada, Craven, Finger, 2004). This doesn’t mean girls cannot be bullies. Stephenson and Smith (1989, cited in Kumpulainen et al., 1998) found that girls as well as boys fitted into the ‘five main groups of people involved in bullying’. These are: ‘dominating bullies, anxious bullies, bully-victims, classical victims, and provocative victims.’ These traits were also found by Sourander,Helstelà ¤, Helenius and Piha (2000) to have clinical implications. Sourander et al., (2000) noted that ‘Bullying is especially associated with aggressive and antisocial behavior while victimization is associated with internalizing problems.’ Whitney and Smith, (1989, cited in Kumpulainen et al., 1998) found ‘bullies to be more prone to have criminal convictions later in life, and more likely to be involved in serious, recidivist crime’. Are criminal convections later in life a fair punishment for their actions? Or should something be done to help the bully? This leads to the question as what is the nature of these young people that make them prone to being a victim or a bully. In the search for a personality construct, many researchers have come to the agreement that ‘bullies are deficient in social information processing or may be intellectually disadvantaged’ (Besag, 1989, cited in Marsh et al., 2004). The work of Crick and Dodge (1994, cited in Marsh et al., 2004) explained that bullies responses to social situations are being met with a filtration process. This ‘cognitive filter’ is based on an aggressive individual interpreting neutral or ambiguous cues as hostile and therefore, making them more likely to engage in aggressive behaviors’ (Marsh et al., 2004). This was also seen to be the case in Bosworth, Espelage, and Simon (1999, cited in Marsh et al., 2004) when ‘a sample of adolescent high school students showed that misconduct, anger, and beliefs supportive of violence were significantly related to bullying behaviors’. Although bullying is an aggressive act, this does not imply that bullies and aggressive or conduct-disordered individuals are a homogenous group. Sutton et al (1999, cited in Marsh, 2004) put forward that bullies were part of a complex environment where they are require to ‘negotiate and attribute mental states to themselves and others to explain or predict their behavior.’ This idea contravenes the notion that ‘bullies are cognitively inept or simple in their inte ractions with peers’ (Sutton et al 1999, cited in Marsh, 2004). References â€Å"Bullying†. Violence Prevention. 1 Dec. 2012 http://www.violencepreventionworks.org/public/olweus_history.page Dawkins, J. L. (1996). Bullying, physical disability and the pediatric patient. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 38 603-612. Espelage, D. L., Holt M. K., Henkel, R. R. (2003). Examination of peer group contextuals effects on aggressive behavior during early adolescence. Child development, 74, 205-220. Pelligrini, A. D. (2002) Bullying and victimization in schools: A Dominance relations perspective . Educational Psychologist, 37, 151-163.

Analyzing The Financial Statements Personal Development Essay

Analyzing The Financial Statements Personal Development Essay My Goals: I want to excel in my MBA in financial services by getting A grade. What do I want/need to learn? What will I do to achieve this? What resources or support will I need? What will my success criteria be? Target dates for review and completion. How have I chosen these dates? Communication skills: Become a good listener. Understanding verbal and non-verbal ( body language, eye contact, gestures etc) Listing is one of the most important tools in communication. I scored 39 in a quiz which was by Dr Guffey which so good but I can still improve my listing skills. By listening other people, documentary, news etc I can improve my listing skills. Books on how to become a good listener by authors like Kratz (1995), Pramila Ahuja GC Ahuja (2007) and Lisa J Downs (2008). By understanding the body language, eye contact etc I can improve my skills. I can take feedbacks from the people to whom I talk and ask them about my weather am I a good listener or not. Giving attention on my body language while communicating with others with this I can know that I have become a good listener or not. Communication is most important tool even in personal or professional life. Without effective listening it is difficult to collect all information. Hence it is very important so to improve this is set a target date of 28th march 2011 the end of my second semester. Quantitative Analysis skills: For understanding financial data both graphs and numeric terms. Analysis and application of accounting principles For making, analyzing the financial statements. Analysis and concentration on financial figures of these selected companies: Reliance Industries ltd., Maruti Suzuki, B.M.W., and Sony. By observing and critical analyzing and comparing the past financial performances of different selected companies. Follow the stock exchange for getting knowledge about the share value and position of these companies. Using online recourses: FAME, GMID, Mintel, Financial Times etc. Reading of business newspapers and magazines. Using media like news channels and documentary of different scholars. I also refer many financial accounting books like Clyde P Stickney (2009). For getting and understanding full knowledge about financial terms, and getting good scores in my finance module. Understanding the financial structure of the economy. Understanding different financial ratios and balance sheets, cash flow statement, spread sheets etc. Long target date: 15th September 2010. As I am doing Global Finance for my M.B.A. I have to keep my eye on analyzing these key terms which help me in making my finance assignments. Time management skills: Differentiating the priorities of my tasks. Planning Manage interruptions. Listing tasks as par their priorities like urgent, important, deadline etc. Using time table for the work which is to be done. I can start doing meditation so that I have better Concentration to do the work so that I can avoid distractions. Using technology like using reminders on mobile phones. By making time table and charts for the plans. Maintain daily dairy and planners for keeping eye on the progress of task. Punctual and on time completion of task easily. Finishing the work or assignments easily and before time as I can review it. Not getting panic till the deadline of submissions of assignments. Time management is a very important and tool for an individual to complete the task without distracted by unnecessary activities so I decided my target date is 28th of march when my second quadmester finishes. Presentation skills: Writing the report Delivery of speech Body language Organizing the data Doing rehearsals for the presentation. Presenting and collecting feedback from friends and colleagues. Use of technology for understanding my weak points and body language by making video. Watching the speech of scholars for understanding body language. Using internet for making my presentation more impressive. By using and making myself comfortable with the technology like using of internet and computers effectively. Reading different books and articles by the business tycoons. By studying the mandatory course books for my module ESSENTIAL GUIDE. Convey the accurate and desired message effectively. Keeping the audience attentive when I present my topic. Making myself efficient in communicating with others. Target date: 30th June,2010 In the end of my 3rd quadmester I want to make myself confident and efficient in delivering presentations. I will analyze my different videos of presentations and learn through my past experiences and doing discussion with group and friends on my skills. Learning Styles: Visual learning Reading/writing I go through a VARK quiz which tells about which learning style a person has where I scored less in visual learning and listening. It is quite difficult as I learn always from reading and writing from my childhood but they need to be improved. Reading books of different authors like Chetan Bhagat, and newspapers and novels during travelling also helps me in improving my skill. To develop my visual learning skill I will use internet and different documentaries videos. Reading books and magazines which are matches to my interest can be helpful to me in my improvement. To improve my writing skills I can take suggestions and guidance from my tutor who helps me in writing my essay or reports. Going easy and getting good grades in Essay or report writing which I have to do in my course. Learning with concentration to listen to my tutor during my lecture with the presentation that helps me in growth of both listing and visual learning styles. In my MBA course to write the assignments we need to read a lot. So it might take time to improve this skill but it is quite important to develop as to get good grades in course. My target date will be 30th of June when my third quadmester finishes. Introduction: Every individual has a unique learning style. Understanding of learning style helps an individual in improvement in his achievements in every aspect like academic, career, creativity. Learning style is a composition of different characteristics which includes cognitive, physiological and affective factors that acts as an indicator of how a learner perceives, interacts with others and responds to the learning environment (Messick, 1976). It also indicates the method which shows how a person deals with the information given to him. An individual has their own ability which mainly consist of their own styles and performance but learning style helps in understand that how a person remember things, his thinking ability or even his way of solving problem. Background: In this essay I will discuss about the different learning styles and also the factors that influences learning styles and the areas I need to develop as a learner which helps me in my academics. I will discuss my current academic skills and the skills I need to develop to do well in my MBA and to achieve my goal of getting good grades in my all assignments. Finally I will discuss about the growth of mindset which I need as a learner. As solving the questionnaire of VARK learning style I came to know that I can learn best by hearing or by read/write. This learning style is good for me in my course as in my lectures I need hear and understands what my tutor says and so learning while hearing is very important for me. Even reading and writing are very important learning styles for me in my course as I have to write a lot of reports and essays which requires a lot of research and for that read different sources. As from my tutor feedbacks from my leadership essay assignment I need to read and understand the aspects in broader way and with the help of those feedbacks I discovered few ways which helps me in developing this particular skill which are: Use of dictionary to improve my vocabulary. Reading text books and making notes. Reading newspapers or novels while travelling. Listing documentaries. Writing daily dairy. According to me with these steps I can more improve my learning style on reading and writing more. However, according to Kolb learning cycle; learning is continuous in nature it doesnt have any end. Learners need to learn different aspects from their experiences and the environment. According to Kolbs cycle reflection and internalising are the two main stages of learning and according to Honey and Mumford learning style activist, reflectors, theorist and pragmatist are the four types of learner and I think I am a pragmatist which means I learn by linking the subject matter with the problems. Pragmatist acts quickly and confidently on ideas and get straight to the point and like to get feedback and guidance and I believe feedback helps me a lot in improving my skills. Skills to be developed and improved: Apart from the learning styles there are some skills which are needed to improve academically. After understanding my course I have discovered some academic skills appropriate for the programme of the study. The following narration explains the analysis of how I found out my strengths and weakness and the resources which are required to improve and develop them within a chosen period of time Communication Skill: It is needed by any person to do well academically and it is also one of my strengths. I believe as per Birvenu (1987) communication is a process of transmitting ideas, feelings, attitudes and belief between living beings and thats why for a n effective team work communication skill is very important. According to the statement from Walter and Scott (1979) describes that I can listen well what I want to. From the feedback from my tutor my communication skills are good enough she scored me 2 out of 3 but also said me to improve my listening skills which is an important part of communication. After solving the quiz on communication of Dr. Guffey in got a feedback of good communication skills but an improvement in listening skills. It is important also as I need to work with teams in my course and if I do not listen to them properly I may not able to understand their point of view which leads to hamper on my assignments. To improve my this skill I started reading books by authors like P ramila Ahuja GC Ahuja (2007) which have a practical approach to listen effectively especially and from the book of Lisa J Downs (2008) where she discussed about the importance of self awareness in being a good listener. Time Management Skills: Art of time management is important to do the work effectively and efficiently. By a quiz on this I come to know that I am good in time management but there are some interruptions which I should manage and even I think it is my one of the biggest weaknesses. Time management plays a very important role in my academics because if I miss my classes then I may lose many of the information given by my tutor and the discussions between my group members. By doing my SWOT analysis I felt that time management can be one of my strength if I grip my interruptions well. An example from book Managing Time (2007) which is when a salesman gets interruption by his phone call during his work which leads in discontinuation of work, it happens same with me like phone ring, message beep etc interrupts my mind during my work. To manage this I need to improve my concentration level by doing some meditation and yoga exercises. Team Work: In this era to do your work you need to work in teams. As with me in my first assignment of the course I need to do a presentation with my team which consist of people of different cultures. To do well in academics I have to develop my skills of working as a team member and I do not do well than it will effect on my academics. To improve this I start getting feedbacks from my team members where I found that sometimes I am not able to understand their point of view and I do not want that my this weakness hamper my studies so I start reading books on how to work effectively in team by David Clutter buck (2007) and Michel A West (1997). In performing leadership roles an individual must be an effective team player. By doing a questionnaire of Kurt Lewin I found myself as a participative and delegative leader which is very important to lead a team, even I lead a team in my first assignment of sustainable strategy. Quantitative Analysis skills: It is deals with estimating results and computational operations. It reflects the ability of analytic skills. I consider as accountancy is one of my weaknesses and I want develop this skill quickly before it effects my studies negatively. As my course is financial services I need is to have a vast and deep knowledge about the finance. I should understand the charts and numbers which are there in the module. To enhance my skills I think I should watch business channels or news channels like BBC and reading magazines like business today, and newspaper like financial times etc. with this help I can update myself with the financial market and able to understand the quantitative terms. Books like L.S. Porwal (2001) Clyde P Stickney, Kathrin Schipper; Roman L Wei (2009) also helped me a lot in improving my knowledge about balance sheet and cash flows. During the assignments of finance I analyse the financial data of Tesco PLC and Lloyds TSB Bank. This also helps in improving my finance ski lls. Presentation skills: Presentation skills are required for effective communication in both speech and written format. For this skill I need to improve my delivery of speech, body language and organising and writing of data. I planned to do rehearsals and collecting feedbacks from my mentors and group members. Even watching different speeches and documentaries of scholars on internet website like YouTube etc also helped me effectively to improve my skills. A good presenter must keep the attention of the audience towards himself and to gain this ability I think I should do time to time rehearsals before my final presentation. Using of technology by watching my video of giving presentation also helps me in identifying my weak points. Conclusion: After evaluating my core skills and by doing questionnaires and getting feedback from both the tutors and team members I can conclude that my strength lays in motivation powers either self or others. I manage my time effectively and I am a kinaesthetic leader and to do well in my studies I should attend classes and discussions. I should take advantage of my skill of participative and delegative leader in leading a team by delegate appropriate work to each member and by taking participate in their work. However, I also need to learn accounting principles and rules and ways of effective presentation and listing others and others point of view with managing interruptions and taking feedbacks which helps me in achieving my goal of becoming an MBA in global financial services with A grade. APPENDIX: LEARNING JOURNAL Date What I did Why I did it What I learned How or where I could apply it Any improvement or development required 14.10.10 I had an introduction with my group and learn the habits of learning. Assess my core skills like cognitive, communication, problem solving, learning etc. I did it for further interaction with group members. To learn what skills I have and what I have to improve. I did SWOT Analysis on myself. I learn how to represent ourselves in the group and also learned about my best learning way. I come to know about my core skills which I had. I learned about my own weak points and plus points. I can polish my learning habits by reading in the best way in which I understand more. I can apply these skills in every part of my life. I need to improve my different core skills like communication, lake of confidence, critical thinking etc. I need to involve more with individuals in both formal and informal way. 21.10.10 I come to learn about the learning styles and took a self test on my skills. I access my academic skills and analyse the ways to develop it. As a part of my module I analyse my style of learning, which can help in my studies and discover the areas which I need to improve. By self-evaluation on my skills I come to know about my weakness and strengths. I come to know that my best leasing style is reflector by HONEY AND MUMFORDS LEARNING STYLE. I learn best when I listen or watch. I reflect or review the situation and carefully analyse them. In my lifelong learning and in my other modules I can apply it. For some detail research and in exchanging of ideas with others. I am very slow in decision making and very cautious about the things. I am lacking in small talks with other. I have to improve my lateral thinking for my decisions and planning. 28.10.10 I learn to manage my studies based on FAYOLS 5 FORCES. Took a self active listening test with group mates. I identify my study goal and discover my own management style with an organised time management and learning technologies and colleagues. For active listening I had a group discussion on my own experience and asking questions about the previous experiences. I learned how to plan my resources and time Carefully and flexibly. To create balance between the demands of family and friends. Use of relaxed body language and efficient communication skills. It will help me best in corporate sector as there I have to prove my management skills. For a communication with others active listening skills are very useful. I have to improve my listening skills and actively participate in group activity. To manage time and group in my family business with my management skills. 28.10.10 Critical reading analysis and deep learning with the help of note taking. I had an activity on time management. I know about my critical reading skills and how they have an effect on my studies in a good manner. I learned how time management helps in my studies and regular routine. I come to know that my reading skills are not that much good, I am a deep learner but some boring readings made me surface learner. I did evaluation of different models and learned how they make my decision effective. I learn how I do my studies and what the barriers are which affect my studies other things. I can apply this in my studies and reading of different articles and executive brief and books. After this activity I can apply this in my work and regular routine I need to clear the concept and the assumption which the author is making and need to learn more deeply. I have to focus mainly on the purpose and context of the book. I have to improve my time management skills by making my schedule and some key techniques for it. 05.11.10 I did a presentation on Google in China. It was an assignment for my strategy module. I was the leader of my group and assign the work to my group members. I learn more about my presentation skills and still need to improve my time management skills. I learn how to delegate work to others and how to lead a group. I can use these skills in other presentation and communicate the others more effectively. I can apply this in my job as this helps me in prove myself at my work place. I have to improve my critical thinking and time management. I can improve my skills by doing planning and rehearsals. 14.11.10 I wrote an essay on my leadership skills. It was my module assignment for leading in changing world. I give feedback to my group members. I learn what the leadership skills required and different models of leadership. I learn that how to give feedback and motivate the group members on their leadership skills. I can use these skills in leading a group in other modules and corporate sector. I can use my leadership skills in giving feedback to others who are working with me. I found that my communication skill is quite weak and I have to work on my long visionary thinking also. I have to improve my motivation skill also to impress others. 21.11.10 I analysis on my motivation point. I discover my own self management model by studying different theories of motivation like GOAL THEORY. I learn about the how to put objective SMART and how I inspire myself to achieve my goals. I can apply this in motivating myself and in achieving my goal of both in professional and personal. I am very bounded with my esteem needs and for that I have to face many different situations. 05.12.10 I learnt how emotionally intelligence affects work and social formats. I did it to understand the emotions and employ them in thinking and creating work. I learned that how emotions differentiate the individuals objective and how to use the emotions in communicating feeling. I can use this skill in understanding individuals. I can manage the team of different culture people by using this unique skill. I am not so good in communicating feelings with others. I cant critically analysis their different approach or thinking towards the work which is to be done. 12.12.10 I discuss with factor influencing successful studies and academic skills and need of Growth mindset as a learner. As an activity taken by the tutor and to know in what why I can enhance my academic skills. I learned about the team core skills and how to manage and recognise emotions. I can apply this in my group work. As different culture people work together it becomes easy for me to understand them. I need to improve my skills in understanding the relations and emotions of different culture. 16.12.10 I did an exercise of BRAIN STROM which was on the benefits of completing internships and dissertation. I want to know that which option will give benefit to me and in which area I need more improvement. I share my ideas and points on this and able to know what I have to do in my internship programme. I learnt the different required standards and students activity which are mandatory for the programme. I learn about the employability skills that current UK employers need. I can apply this learning in my future plans regarding this programme of internship or dissertation. I can apply my learning in workplace or in corporate world. I think I need to improve my employability skills like team work, application of information, self management etc. Core Skills Self Assessment and SWOT Core Skill Skill Rating (1-10) Low =1 High = 10 Evidence Insert an example to support your rating Cognitive skills: critical thinking, analysis and synthesis 5 In group discussion and in using different models I realized that I am not a good critical thinker. I feel difficulties in the application of models and different concepts. Problem solving and decision making: using quantitative and qualitative data 8 As I am a leader of my group I realized that I can solve the problems related to assignments and work easily but some time I feel panic in taking quick decisions which I have to improve more. Research and investigative skills: as part of individual and team assignments 5 In my assignments I feel difficulty in doing research and collecting data I take more time in application and analyzing the data. Even I take long time in getting up with new idea. Information and communications technology skills: using a range of business applications 7 I have efficient ability in using the technology in business. I am good in using internet and having a good body language for my communication skills. Numeracy and quantitative skills: data analysis, interpretation and extrapolation 4 I feel difficulty in data analysis, I understanding graphs and numeric terms and accounting principles. Using online resource for data on FAME, GMID etc makes me confused and puzzled. I have to improve skills. Communication skills: oral and written English, using a range of media 7 As I consider my communication skills I think I am good in convey my message and expressing my feelings. My written English also good as I have a lot of practice in writing reports and articles in my previous studies. Interpersonal skills: talking, listening and negotiation 9 This is my strength I am very good in interacting with others. Even my friends and group member also appreciate for my listening skills and I am always ready to cooperate my group members. Team-working skills: leadership, team-building, influencing others 8 I worked as a leader for my group and I think I am good in motivating others and even for my group reports my teammates we all work together on different presentations. Through my skills I influence others as they listen to my views and gave their acceptance on my views. Personal management skills: time management and planning, motivating yourself, using initiative 4 My time management skills is poor I work till the end of time, that makes me panic and confused. I make planes for my work but I am not able to track them always. I also feel a bit difficult in taking initiative and but I am good in motivating myself and others. Learning skills: reflective, adaptive and collaborative 7 My learning skills are also good but I need a lot of improvement in it. As my previous studies pattern is totally different but I adapt this new one easily, I like to learn different ways of learning things which makes me efficient in grasping new things. Self-awareness: sensitivity and openness to others who are different to you, emotional intelligence 8 I am very reserve kind of nature. But I like to interact others but after getting global exposure I got confidence and able to learn the emotions of different cultures. SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) for my current study and future career plans MY STRENGTHS PROBLEM SOLVING AND DICISION MAKING: using quantitative and qualitative data. INTERPERSONAL SKILLS: taking and interacting with others and active listing. TEAM-WORKING SKILS: leadership skills, team-building ability and motivation and influence others. SELF AWARENESS: Understanding emotions and openness to others who are different in culture and having different thinking. MY WEAKNESSES COGNITIVE SKILLS: critical analysis, decision making ability, mapping of ideas. QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS SKILLS: understanding financial data both graphs and numbers, analysis on accounting principles. TIME MANAGEMENT SKILLS: dividing the task as par priorities, planning for achieving goals, tracking the progress of my tasks. PRESENTATION SKILLS: writing the report, speech delivery, body language, organizing the data MY OPPORUNITIES Cognitive skills: critical thinking and analysis and application in real things. Learning skills: reflective and active learning in which I can learn more. RESARCH AND INVESTIGATIVE SKILLS: research for the assignments for individuals and group assignments. MY THREATS Numeracy and quantitative skills: data analysis, financial analysis, understanding balance sheets and strategy of the industry. Expressing my emotions and understanding different cultured people.

College Admissions Essay: Life is Beautiful :: College Admissions Essays

Life is Beautiful A friend of mine recently sent me an email with an aphorism that read, "Don't try so hard, the best things come when you least expect them to." I shuddered at its implications. According to this, the best things come to you; you do not elicit them. Trying hard, it seems, is irrelevant to what becomes of our life. I would rephrase it: "Try so hard that it becomes easy, and accept the best things as the best person to receive them." For it is only hard because you do not know that it is easy. The complete work is easy and lovely--easy as sweat and blood is easy, for the alternative of holding back, of reserving your power, of giving half your heart to what you seek, this, this, is hard. Only habit makes it easy. If you are not wise enough to know the good and true way, then it is your one goal, your singular objective to become wise. And once you are wise, you find what is good and true, and you give your all to it. Bend not your knee to distraction. Allow me to repeat: giving all is only hard because you do not realize that it is easy. If I told you that I am called to be a writer, then it should be assumed the gentle task I have before me: study my homework for four hours a day, edit my book three hours a day, write letters and journal entries at every spare moment, read literature of all sorts--and only high literature, the best every written, nothing secondary or weak. All this must be done without a tinge of complaint, without any holding back, without any fear of failure, without any sense that I am sacrificing, without a feeling of duty. To complain is to reveal an inner contradiction.   If I do complain, I must figure out why, and solve that problem. College Admissions Essay: Life is Beautiful :: College Admissions Essays Life is Beautiful A friend of mine recently sent me an email with an aphorism that read, "Don't try so hard, the best things come when you least expect them to." I shuddered at its implications. According to this, the best things come to you; you do not elicit them. Trying hard, it seems, is irrelevant to what becomes of our life. I would rephrase it: "Try so hard that it becomes easy, and accept the best things as the best person to receive them." For it is only hard because you do not know that it is easy. The complete work is easy and lovely--easy as sweat and blood is easy, for the alternative of holding back, of reserving your power, of giving half your heart to what you seek, this, this, is hard. Only habit makes it easy. If you are not wise enough to know the good and true way, then it is your one goal, your singular objective to become wise. And once you are wise, you find what is good and true, and you give your all to it. Bend not your knee to distraction. Allow me to repeat: giving all is only hard because you do not realize that it is easy. If I told you that I am called to be a writer, then it should be assumed the gentle task I have before me: study my homework for four hours a day, edit my book three hours a day, write letters and journal entries at every spare moment, read literature of all sorts--and only high literature, the best every written, nothing secondary or weak. All this must be done without a tinge of complaint, without any holding back, without any fear of failure, without any sense that I am sacrificing, without a feeling of duty. To complain is to reveal an inner contradiction.   If I do complain, I must figure out why, and solve that problem.

Community Engagement Essay

Engaging in the community as well as engaging ourselves with the issues of our society makes us aware and open to the different theories regarding the roles and relationship that contributes to it. Awareness and being concerned to the society are some of the characteristic that we all should have to be able to understand what the things that most of the times are affects our engagement to the society that we have now. This essay mainly gives knowledge and understanding about community engagement and critically discusses the role as well as the relationship of community engagement to the society. In addition, there are some relevant theories to be used in discussion on the roles and relationship of community engagement to the society that may help better understand the nature of community engagement such as ethical theory, communicative theory and citizenship theory. There are several definitions of community engagement and these definitions represent or symbolize the culture, beliefs and tradition of every group that provided the meaning of it. Even though community engagement is defined differently or characterized in many different ways by various groups, still these definitions have only one common meaning. Generally, community engagement is defined as the process wherein community groups or institutions work mutually to address circumstances and situations that impact or greatly influence the well-being of those groups. In practice, community engagement is a combination of social science and art. The science comes from sociology, political science, cultural anthropology, organizational development, psychology, social work, and other disciplines with organizing concepts drawn from the literature on community participation, community mobilization, constituency building, community psychology, cultural influences, and other sources. On the other hand, the vital artistic element needed for the community engagement includes the utilization of understanding, skill, and sensitivity to apply and adapt the science in ways that fit the community and purposes of specific engagement efforts (SCDC 2009) Community Engagement is the process of creating a harmonious relationship within community members who will do their tasks side-by-side with the society as an on-going partner, in any and each way imaginable, producing an army that can maintain for the mission, and with the ultimate goal of making the community a better place to live (Gottlieb 2009). Engagement helps communities articulate, develop and achieve their goals’ Sarkissian et. al. (2009,pp. 5-6). From that definition, community engagement has to recognize their goals before involve other community to help with. According to Howard & Butcher (2007), community engagement refers to the collaboration between the higher education institutions as well as their larger communities, which include the local, regional/state, national and global communities to achieve a common beneficial trading and development of knowledge as well as resources in a context of reciprocity and relationship. There are several activities that a community engagement has. These include service-learning, voter registration drives, community-based research, community-centered forums, alternative spring breaks, community-based internships, and lastly, the community service. In addition to the definition given, the National Standards for Community Engagement define community engagement as the one which develops and sustains a working relationship between one or more public institutions and one or more community teams, to better help them both to understand and work on the needs or situations that the community encounters (SCDC 2009). When it comes to the roles of community engagement to the society, probably the most common question being raised is on the importance and role of it and how does it function to the community. As mentioned above, community engagement refers to the connection and relationship between communities to achieve development as well as to implement policies, programs and services ( Howard & Butcher 2007) . It simply functions as the process of working collaboratively with the community to address issues influencing their lives. The effectiveness of community engagement is dependent upon a shared understanding of the meaning, principles and processes involved. In addition to this, community engagement also recognizes the privileges and the rights of the people living in the community to free and share their opinions and to get involved in the business of government. Through community engagement, the society is being recognized and accepted as a significant source of expertise that may affect the government decisions and other institutions to improve the quality and delivery of public service. To better achieve what a community engagement desires, there should be a harmonious and mutual relationship within the community. These relationships are based on trust as well as openness, and are shaped and produced at both personal and institutional levels. There should be also sustainability in a sense that community engagement needs relationships, partnerships and activities that can be sustainable for a longer period of time. The community engagement should also work on purpose and based on goals that mutually beneficial for all concerned parties. In addition, communication is vital for community engagement to work well. Communication strategies are vital to support relationship formation, ensure sustainability as well as to improve understanding of initiatives amongst communities (Gottlieb 2009). There are studies conducted and theories formulated that allowed researchers to develop organizing concepts about communities and the different methods or means on how they are mobilized. These theories help us to better understand the importance of community engagement as well as to the most effective way to engage people in addressing public health issues and concerns. One of these theories is the ethical theory. The definition of ethics is ‘many concepts that explain the process of decision making aimed at making the right choices’ (Breit 2007,p. 308). Ethical theory is closely aligned with the responsibilities to public that are attached to one’s role in a given context (James et al. 2010, p. 226). For example the issue of media ethics in the music industry, film, and television become a contentious issue because the industry was accused of giving negative impact to public, but the industry stated that public or audience who should be responsible to filter the media content they have been consume (James et al. 2010, p. 221). To live in a society that is relatively stable and predictable, where each individual is able to pursue their personal best interests and goals, some minimal rules would have to be developed or acknowledged which would support mutually advantageous cooperation among the individuals of the society. The existence of ethics in the world of communication is very necessary, although in practice still far from expectations. Being an individual living within the society we should be respected about our opinion to maintain self-preservation and pursue human self interest. Because as a rational human being living within the community we can follow and obey rules that the society applies as long as it is fairly applied to everyone. Existence of governments also helps the people abide the rules and laws of the society and completely ensures cooperativeness as long as their self-interest would benefit. Since people are competitive in nature the society should also provide an equal opportunity for all people to have the chance to live a good life. And this theory it shows that people engaging in the community through their work, position, power, and other essentials to them best explains how important our relationship to the society. And it is only through engagement in the society. Second theory that is very vital to the community engagement is the communication theory. Communication is a very significant factor not only in a community engagement but also in activities of our daily lives. Without proper communication, man will not have a means to express their insights and feelings to each other. Without it, there will be chaos and problems that might arise all over the world. Thus communication is essential as the basic unit for creating understanding and harmonious relationship with one another (Hirst & Harrison 2007, p. 25). In community engagement, communication is pragmatic as it opens interaction, gives information as well as creates or fixes discussions. It may be in informal or formal channels of communication, as long as everybody understands what everybody wants to imply. In addition, communication helps people to share their visions and make clear and realistic goals. Through people’s ability to communicate with each other community engagement is best ensure. In this postmodern era, it seems like progress of communication has been supported by technologies. The Internet as a part of media has growth very rapidly and become one of the most important parts in people lives and help people to communication. In other side, Internet also helps community engagement to communicate all over the world. Another theory that can really useful is citizenship theory. According to Hudson & Kane (2000, p. 223) citizenship is a status to a member of community and also have rights and responsibilities that is may be linked to what values and ideals that society holds. Basically, there are two kind of citizenship such as active and passive citizenship. Active citizenship is some people which always aspire to become active and involved or participate in public life in their community and passive citizenship is naturalized born to be member of society and never get involved (Hudson & Kane 2000, p. 223). Mostly, active citizenship will be volunteers to spend their time but passive citizenship in general tend to spend their time in very similar ways with active citizenship and decided becoming non-volunteers. However, there are some important differences, the amount of time each of there groups spends watching television. On average, those who have never volunteered watch 436 more hours of television that volunteers each year. Active citizenship can help promote development of community engagement. Active citizenship more cares about society and respect the most basic of human rights and insist on access to democratic principles for all people of the world. In conclusion, this essay is of great help for the students as well as the other readers and researchers for them to better understand the nature of community engagement and the importance of it to the society where they belong. And hopefully the readers would somehow pick up some important facts inside the above mentioned theories. All this theories can be better solution to the ethical problems associated with spin. It also gives the importance of community engagement as well as its roles, functions and relationships with the society. To better understand the critical discussion made on this paper, it also utilizes three among the many theories on community engagement such as the communication theory and citizenship theory. These theories, although they are still theories, are important factors that greatly affect the community engagement. It gives us some ideas that would help the people to be aware of what they can do to our society’s development and to ourselves. Community engagement actually just have one purpose generally refers to the community engagement as a process wherein community, groups and institutions work hand in hand or give mutual effort to deal with the situations and circumstances that give impact to their own well-being.